American - Scientist | August 9, 1927 - January 24, 2016
You don't understand anything until you learn it more than one way.
Marvin Minsky
LearnYouUnderstandWayMoreThan
There was a failure to recognize the deep problems in AI; for instance, those captured in Blocks World. The people building physical robots learned nothing.
FailurePeopleWorldBuildingDeep
No computer has ever been designed that is ever aware of what it's doing; but most of the time, we aren't either.
TimeDoingAwareBeenComputerMost
Stanley Kubrick knew we had good graphics around MIT and came to my lab to find out how to do it. We had some really good stuff. I was very impressed with Kubrick; he knew all the graphics work I had ever heard of, and probably more.
WorkGoodFindMoreOutStuff
There are three basic approaches to AI: Case-based, rule-based, and connectionist reasoning.
ThreeAIReasoningBasicApproaches
I believed in realism, as summarized by John McCarthy's comment to the effect that if we worked really hard, we'd have an intelligent system in from four to four hundred years.
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By the way, it was his simulations that helped out in Jurassic Park - without them, there would have been only a few dinosaurs. Based on his techniques, Industrial Light and Magic could make whole herds of dinosaurs race across the screen.
LightMagicWayRaceDinosaursPark
The basic idea in case-based, or CBR, is that the program has stored problems and solutions. Then, when a new problem comes up, the program tries to find a similar problem in its database by finding analogous aspects between the problems.
ProblemsProblemFindingFindNew
We wanted to solve robot problems and needed some vision, action, reasoning, planning, and so forth. We even used some structural learning, such as was being explored by Patrick Winston.
LearningVisionActionPlanningUsed
When David Marr at MIT moved into computer vision, he generated a lot of excitement, but he hit up against the problem of knowledge representation; he had no good representations for knowledge in his vision systems.
GoodKnowledgeVisionProblemUpHe
This is a tricky domain because, unlike simple arithmetic, to solve a calculus problem - and in particular to perform integration - you have to be smart about which integration technique should be used: integration by partial fractions, integration by parts, and so on.
SimpleSmartProblemYouIntegration
Societies need rules that make no sense for individuals. For example, it makes no difference whether a single car drives on the left or on the right. But it makes all the difference when there are many cars!
CarRulesNo SenseNeedRightLeft
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