American - Scientist | November 7, 1929 -
I've been around a long time, and I've been interested in memory for a long time. And one of my earlier interests in molecular biology of memory led me to define the switch that converts short term to long term memory.
Eric Kandel
TimeMemoryMeShortLongBiology
I have a philosophy that has guided me throughout all of my scientific career, and that is, I think of myself as a fairly thoughtful person. I don't go into projects impetuously, and I try to select important problems.
MyselfMeProblemsThinkPhilosophy
In order to produce learned fear, you take a neutral stimulus like a tone, and you pair it with an electrical shock. Tone, shock. Tone, shock. So the animal learns that the tone is bad news. But you can also do the opposite - shock it at other times, but never when the tone comes on.
FearAnimalYouBadNewsNever
In art, as in science, reductionism does not trivialize our perception - of color, light, and perspective - but allows us to see each of these components in a new way.
ScienceArtLightPerspectiveColor
The problem for many people is that we cannot point to the underlying biological bases of most psychiatric disorders. In fact, we are nowhere near understanding them as well as we understand disorders of the liver or the heart.
HeartPeopleUnderstandingProblem
In the 1950s and early 1960s, psychoanalysis swept through the intellectual community, and it was the dominant mode of thinking about the mind. People felt that this was a completely new set of insights into human motivation, and that its therapeutic potential was significant.
CommunityPeopleMindThinkingEarly
Long-term memory involves enduring changes that result from the growth of new synaptic connections.
GrowthMemoryConnectionsResultNew
I like problems at the borders of disciplines. One of the reasons that neurobiology of learning and memory appeal to me so much was that I liked the idea of bringing biology and psychology together.
LearningTogetherMemoryMeProblems
Early in my career, I was disappointed that psychoanalysis was not becoming more empirical, was not becoming more scientific. It was primarily concerned with individual patients. It wasn't trying to collect data from large groups of people who have been analyzed.
PeopleDataTryingEarlyCareer
Nerve cells communicate with one another at specialized points called synapses. And these synapses are plastic - they can be modified by learning.
LearningPlasticCellsCommunicate
There was little in my early life to indicate that an interest in biology would become the passion of my academic career. In fact, there was little to suggest I would have an academic career.
LifePassionEarlyCareerBiology
I was born in Vienna on November 7, 1929, eleven years after the multiethnic Austro-Hungarian Empire fell apart following its defeat in World War I.
WarWorldBornDefeatWorld War I
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